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Daily Archives: 10 Απριλίου, 2011
Tο πρώτο κέρμα της μιας δραχμής κόπηκε στη Γερμανία!
H ιστορία της δραχμής – Στη Γερμανία κόπηκε το πρώτο κέρμα της μιας δραχμής!
Μην ανησυχείτε! Δεν μας πέταξαν έξω από το ευρώ ούτε έχει γίνει καμία συζήτηση για επιστροφή στη δραχμή. Καλό θα είναι όμως, να γνωρίζουμε το πως ξεκίνησε τα παλιό μας εθνικό νόμισμα μέχρι να μπούμε στο ευρώ.
Αυτό πάντως, που μας έκανε εντύπωση είναι ότι το πρώτο κέρμα της μιας δραχμής κόπηκε στη Γερμανία!
Το πρώτο κέρμα της μίας δραχμής
Κόπηκε στο Μόναχο το 1833, αν και αναγράφεται ως έτος το 1832. Ήταν αργυρή και έφερε στη μία όψη τη μορφή του Όθωνα και από την άλλη τον Βασιλικό θυρεό. Υποδιαιρέσεις της ήταν τα χάλκινα κέρματα των 1, 2, 5 και 10 λεπτών και πολλαπλάσιά της το αργυρό κέρμα των 5 δραχμών και τα χρυσά των 20 και 40 δραχμών. Όλες οι εκδόσεις της πρώτης δραχμής θεωρούνται σπάνιες και η σημερινή τους αξία υπερβαίνει τις 3.000 ευρώ. Περισσότερα …
Προτεινόμενος »Καταστατικός Χάρτης» του »Κοινοβουλίου Ελληνισμού Διασποράς»
GENOCIDE
Across from the United Nations, they assembled. Greek American Community Leaders, American Scholars, and American Activists to remember the victims of the Greek, Armenian, and Assyrian Genocides perpetrated by Turkey from 1914 till 1923. The 3rd Annual Greek Genocide Commemoration was sponsored by Panthracian Union of America Orpheus and supported by the Hellenic League of America, HLA. This year’s event, as always, was held on April 6th the Pan-Hellenic Memorial Day for the Genocide of Thracian Hellenism, which is in remembrance of Black Easter in 1914.
As in past years, UN workers, Tourists and average day New Yorkers were welcomed at Ralph Bunche Park by placards of reproduced American newspaper accounts of the Greek Genocide and enlarged photos of Enver Pasha and Mustafa Kemal. Those who took interested in the commemoration received an educational pamphlet about the Greek Genocide produced by the Hellenic League of America, HLA. For the second year in a role the event was commenced by the reading of the ancient Orphic Hymn Thanatos by Georgia Nomikos. This year’s Master of Ceremonies was past President of Panthracian Union of America Orpheus Ioannis Fidanakis.
Fidanakis began the event by thanking those in attendance and acknowledging such notable attendees as Bill Theodosakis. Theodosakis has been organizing a Greek Genocide Memorial at Three Hierarchs Church in Brooklyn since the 90s. After which Fidanakis read a statement from Greek MP Dionysia-Theodora Avgerinopoulou who supported the event. Fidanakis made public afterwards of his intentions to draft a letter with the support of the Panthracian Union of America Orpheus to be submitted to the Greek Parliament to raise the question of April 6th official recognition as the day of remembrance for the Genocide of Thracian Hellenism, as the Greek Government did for May 19th in remembrance of the Genocide of Pontian Hellenism back in 1994 and September 14th for Genocide of Asia Minor Hellenism in 1998.
Speakers this year included such Greek American Community leaders as, Dimitris Molohides the President of the Pan Pontian Federation of USA and Canada and William Samonides the President of the Asia Minor Hellenic American Society, as well as Elias Tsekerides the President of the Federation of Hellenic Societies of Greater New York. In a powerful speech, President Tsekerides, call upon the United States Government to Act now in keeping their promise to recognize the Armenian Genocide, but also to include all the Christian victims, Assyrians, Pontian Greeks, Anatolian Greeks and Thracian Greeks.
At one point during President Tsekerides speech he stated The Thracian Genocide, like all other Genocides was a systematic torture, massacre and ethnic cleansing of several millions Hellenes (Greeks) perpetrated by the Turks throughout historic THRACE, an area that includes Constantinople (now called Istanbul by the Turks), Eastern Thrace, and the islands of Imvros and Tenedos. During the Byzantine Empire era, Thrace was regarded as an important center of Hellenism. As a result of the conquest of Constantinople there was slaughtering, plundering and flight by the Thracians towards Western Europe and the Balkan countries, as well as forcible islamification for those who remained. Among the people that were forced to change faith the phenomenon of crypto-Christianity was noticed, a phenomenon that is also prevalent in current times.
The true star of the commemoration, however, was Jewish-American Activist and Author Pamela Geller. Geller truly stole the moment with an electrifying speech, in which she muses How can we possibly address a problem if we are afraid to diagnose the problem and say what it is? Hitler himself said it was the template of the Armenian, Greek and Assyrian Genocides that formulated his plan for the Jews during World War Two. Geller continued to publically ask why the Islamic World has not been made to make amends for such a horrible crimes against humanity, while other countries like Germany have for its past crimes.
Geller commended the efforts of organizers to raise awareness of the Greek Genocide and at one point in her speech stated that people need to see the pictures of the Armenian Genocide, people need to see the picture of the Assyrian Genocide, people need to know what happen. It is Genocide, and when Ab Foxman of the ADL says it shouldn’t be a Genocide, Shame on you! You of all people, who know up close and personal what a Genocide is. Geller who has made numerous appearances on network television is the Editor and Publisher of the popular Blog Atlas Shrugs, Executive Director of FDI/SIOA and the author of the book The Post-American Presidency, the Obama Administration’s War on America.
EDITOR’S NOTE
It’s very embarrassing that Greek people suffer again, this time not by the Turkish government, but by the Greek government! October 18 confirmed that the Greek government, not the Turkish government, is the enemy of the Greek people! Marilizardist Papandreou of Graecokleptocracy crossed the Rubicon on October 18, 2010, when his Merciless Marilizard destroyed a distinguished professor and dissident blogger, in order to appease Premier Erdogan of Turkey! That’s why the Global Tax Revolt declared October 18 as the International Day Against Cybercop Brutality. http://groups.yahoo.com/group/globaltaxrevolt
The impunity of the 300 Graecokleptocrats of the Grand Brothel on Syntagma Square is the most freakish thing on Earth. Even though they looted many billion euros in kickbacks and churning, not a single Graecokleptocrat has ever gone to jail! They are protected by the parliamentary immunity, and nobody can touch them, no matter what. Moreover, they have the nerve to jail dissident bloggers. It’s a long way from the 300 Spartans of Leonidas! Allons enfants de la Grece!
3rd Annual Greek Genocide Commemoration triumphs over community indifference in New York City
For Immediate Release:
Contact: Ioannis Fidanakis, Tel. 1-(973)-464-0211
New York, NY- (4/7/2001) April -6th Across from the United Nations, they assembled. Greek American Community Leaders, American Scholars, and American Activists to remember the victims of the Greek, Armenian, and Assyrian Genocides perpetrated by Turkey from 1914 till 1923. The 3rd Annual Greek Genocide Commemoration was sponsored by Panthracian Union of America ‘Orpheus’ and supported by the Hellenic League of America, HLA. This year’s event, as always, was held on April 6th the Pan-Hellenic Memorial Day for the Genocide of Thracian Hellenism, which is in remembrance of Black Easter in 1914.
As in past year’s UN workers, Tourists and average day New Yorker’s were welcomed at Ralph Bunche Park by placards of reproduced American newspaper accounts of the Greek Genocide and enlarged photos of “Enver’ Pasha and Mustafa Kemal. Those who took interested in the commemoration received an educational pamphlet about the Greek Genocide produced by the Hellenic League of America, HLA. For the second year in a role the event was commenced by the reading of the ancient Orphic Hymn ‘Thanatos’ by Georgia Nomikos. This year’s Master of Ceremonies was past President of Panthracian Union of America ‘Orpheus’ Ioannis Fidanakis. Mr Fidanakis began the event by thanking those in attendance and acknowledging such notable attendees as Mr. Bill Theodosakis. Mr. Theodosakis has been organizing a Greek Genocide Memorial at Three Hierarch’s Church in Brooklyn since the 90s. After which Mr. Fidanakis read a statement from Greek MP Dionysia-Theodora Avgerinopoulou who supported the event. Mr. Fidanakis made public afterwards of his intentions to draft a letter with the support of the Panthracian Union of America ‘Orpheus’ to be submitted to the Greek Parliament to raise the question of April 6th official recognition as the day of remembrance for the Genocide of Thracian Hellenism, as the Greek Government did for May 19th in remembrance of the Genocide of Pontian Hellenism back in 1994 and September 14th for Genocide of Asia Minor Hellenism in 1998.
Speakers this year included such Greek American Community leaders as, Mr. Dimitris Molohides the President of the Pan Pontian Federation of USA and Canada and Dr. William Samonides the President of the Asia Minor Hellenic American Society, as well as Mr. Elias Tsekerides the President of the Federation of Hellenic Societies of Greater New York. In a powerful speech, President Tsekerides, call upon the United States Government to Act now in keeping their promise to recognize the Armenian Genocide, but also to include all the Christian victims, Assyrians, Pontian Greeks, Anatolian Greeks and Thracian Greeks. At one point during President Tsekerides speech he stated, “ Ladies and Gentlemen, The Thracian Genocide, like all other Genocides was a systematic torture, massacre and ethnic cleansing of several millions Hellenes (Greeks) perpetrated by the Turks throughout historic THRACE, an area that includes Constantinople (now called Istanbul by the Turks), Eastern Thrace, and the islands of Imvros and Tenedos. During the Byzantine Empire era, Thrace was regarded as an important center of Hellenism. As a result of the conquest of Constantinople there was slaughtering, plundering and flight by the Thracians towards Western Europe and the Balkan countries, as well as forcible islamification for those who remained. Among the people that were forced to change faith the phenomenon of crypto-Christianity was noticed, a phenomenon that is also prevalent in current times”.
The true star of the commemoration, however, was Jewish-American Activist and Author Pamela Geller. Ms. Geller truly stole the moment with an electrifying speech, in which Ms. Geller stated, ‘How can we possibly address a problem if we are afraid to diagnose the problem and say what it is? Hitler himself said it was the template of the Armenian, Greek and Assyrian Genocides that formulated his plan for the Jews during World War Two”. Ms. Geller continued to publically ask why the Islamic World has not been made to make amends for such a horrible crimes against humanity, while other countries like Germany have for its past crimes. Ms. Geller commended the efforts of organizers to raise awareness of the Greek Genocide and at one point in her speech stated, “People need to see the pictures of the Armenian Genocide, people need to see the picture of the Assyrian Genocide, people need to know what happen. It is Genocide, and when Ab Foxman of the ADL says it shouldn’t be a Genocide, Shame on you! You of all people, who know up close and personal what a Genocide is”. Ms. Geller who has made numerous appearances on network television is the Editor and Publisher of the popular Blog Atlas Shrugs, Executive Director of FDI/SIOA and the author of the book ‘The Post-American Presidency, the Obama Administration’s War on America. Her complete speech can be viewed below.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_embedded&v=ChB6_PD7bFw
Ms. Geller’s public support for the recognition of the Greek, Armenian and Assyrian Genocides and her call for the Greek American Community to wake up and raise awareness of its own Genocide raises the question, just what are the leading Greek American Advocacy Organizations, such as the American Hellenic Institute doing about the issue? They are after all supposed to be advocating our National Issues in Washington D.C.
The answer is sadly nothing. In fact not only is AHI not doing anything to raise awareness of the Greek Genocide or push for its recognition. Their official position undermines the entire cause for recognition. All one must do is simply check AHI’s Policy Statement to see that they still ignorantly support the idea of recognizing just the ‘Greek Pontian Genocide’ and its ‘500,000’ Pontian and Anatolian Greek victims, rather than supporting our Genocide’s complete recognition and its scholarly recognized 1.4 to 1.7 million victims. There by allowing their official position to forget the Thracian Greek victims and belittle the suffering of Asia Minor Greek victims.
It is the obligation of organizations, like AHI, to break free of petty regionalist agendas and support a policy that best represents historical truth and international justice. It is AHI’s obligation to Hellenism to follow a policy that does not turn our ‘lobby’ into a tool of one American political party to keep our community passive and in the dark. The illusion that has allowed Greek America to become indifferent must be destroyed. We must take heed to the words of Ms. Geller and educate ourselves and our neighbors if we are ever to see the Greek Genocide recognized.
Below you will find the video coverage of our event.
The full Speech of Dr. William Samonides, President of the Asia Minor Hellenic American Society.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yDxOC3HxmT4&feature=related
The full Speech of Elias Tsekerides, President of the Federation of Hellenic Societies of Greater New York
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BILxkU3ndbs
####
========================
Panthracian Union of America ‘Orpheus’
P.O. Box 3280 Steinway Station
Long Island City, NY 11103
Web Site: Panthracian.blogspot.com
Hellenic League of America, HLA
www.hellenicleagueonline.org/
========================
Panthracian Union of America ‘Orpheus’ Inc., is a not-for-profit Philanthropic and Cultural Organization serving the Thracian American community since 1983.
The Hellenic League of America (HLA) is a cooperative and collective effort by Hellenes, Phil-Hellenes and Hellenic enthusiasts who come together for the Hellenic Cause. A register 501c nonprofit organization the Hellenic League of America, HLA works to spread awareness on Hellenic National Issues, as well as our ethnic traditions and culture. Founded in 2008 the HLA has been involved in organizing lectures, protests, rallies and commemoration across the tri-state area.
To be added to HLA’s Action Alert e-mail distribution list, or to introduce HLA to a friend or colleague, please forward the pertinent name and e-mail address, with the subject heading «Add e-mail to HLA distribution list», to hla@hellenicleagueonline.org
You are encouraged to forward this action alert to five or more individuals who may have an interest in our e-distributions or in HLA’s mission.
You may post any HLA article, press release or action alert on the internet as long as you credit HLA and the author(s).
Εφαρμόζεται ο νόμος ή παραβιάζεται από τις εταιρείες;;;
O νόμος 3431/2/2006 δεν απαγορεύει την εγκατάσταση κεραιών κινητής τηλεφωνίας κοντά σε σχολεία αλλά θέτει ανώτατα όρια εκπομπής τους αυτηρότερα απο αυτά της Ε.Ε τα οποία όμως ούτως ή εάλλως ούτε κατά παρασάγγας οι εκπομπές των κεραιών κινητής τηλεφωνίας δεν τις προσεγγίζουν.
-Περαιτέρω, κατ’ εφαρμογή της αρχής της προφύλαξης, καθορίζει ελάχιστη απόσταση από χώρους συγκέντρωσης ευπαθών ομάδων (σχολεία, γηροκομεία κλπ), εντός της οποίας τα όρια εκπομπής των κατασκευών κεραιών μειώνονται ακόμη περισσότερο, σε τρόπο ώστε αυτά να καθίστανται περαιτέρω αυστηρότερα, και να περιορίζονται μόλις στο 60% εκείνων, που ισχύουν παγκοσμίως.
Eγκέφαλος και Ηλεκτρομαγνητική Ρύπανση
α) Γραμμές μεταφοράς
Μια τεχνική που χρησιμοποείται για τη μέτρηση τών ηλεκτρικών κυμάτων που παράγονται στον εγκέφαλο ως αποτέλεσμα ηλεκτρικής δραστηριότητας στό εσωτερικό του είναι το ΕΕG (ElectroEncephaloGraph), γνωστό ως ηλεκτροεγκεφαλογράφημα. Ηλεκτρόδια τοποθετούνται σε συγκεκριμένες θέσεις πάνω στο κεφάλι για την μέτρηση τών παλμών του εγκεφάλου σε συγκεκριμένα εξωτερικά ερεθίσματα, τα οποία του προκαλούμε. Τα σήματα συλλέγονται, ενισχύονται επεξεργάζονται και αναλύονται με τη βοήθεια προγραμμάτων υπολογιστή, τα οποία δίνουν πληροφορίες για την φυσική κατάσταση του εγκεφάλου.
Μια ανάλυση κατα Fourier δίνει τις περιοχές συχνότητας, στις οποίες παρατηρείται ηλεκτρική δραστηριότητα σχετική με συγκεκριμένη κατάσταση του εγκεφάλου, την έντασή της και την ισχύ της.
Οι περιοχές συχνότητας, οι οποίες συσχετίστηκαν με συγκεκριμένη δραστηριότητα του εγκεφάλου είναι:
1. Γάμμα, η περιοχή η μεγαλύτερη από 30 Ηz.
Σχετίζεται με τη μνήμη και τη διαδικασία εκμάθυνσης.
2. Βήτα, η περιοχή 13-30 Ηz.
Σχετίζεται με την ικανότητα πρός συγκέντρωση, επαγρύπνηση.
3. Alpha, η περιοχή 8-12 Ηz.
Σχετίζεται με το γενικότερο έλεγχο τών λειτουργιών του εγκεφάλου.
4. Theta, η περιοχή 4-8 Ηz.
Σχετίζεται με το υποσυνείδητο.
5. Delta, η περιοχή 0.1-4 Ηz.
Σχετίζεται με βαθειά υπνωτικές καταστάσεις.
Η ακτινοβολία από γραμμές μεταφοράς (συχνότητα λειτουργίας 60 Ηz) δύναται να επιδράσει στη συμπεριφορά του εγκεφάλου λόγω συντονισμού καί απορρόφησής της στή συχνότητα Γάμμα λειτουργίας του. Αναμένονται δηλαδή προβλήματα μνήμης και εκμάθυνσης σε όσους προσβάλλονται από αυτού του τύπου την ηλεκτρομαγνητική ρύπανση.
Εκτός αυτών τών προβλημάτων επιδημιολογικές έρευνες έχουν δείξει την ανάπτυξη καρκίνου καί λευχαιμίας με μεγαλύτερα ποσοστά στά παιδιά προερχόμενες από γραμμές μεταφοράς υπερυψηλής τάσης.
Επειδή όμως η επιδημιολογία δέν είναι ειδικότητά μας δέν θα υπεισέλθουμε σέ άλλες λεπτομέρειες. Ετσι, το λιγότερο πού επιθυμούμε είναι η τήρηση καί ο έλεγχος τών ορίων ασφαλείας.
Επειδή όμως η επιδημιολογία δέν είναι ειδικότητά μας δέν θα υπεισέλθουμε σέ άλλες λεπτομέρειες. Ετσι, το λιγότερο πού επιθυμούμε είναι η τήρηση καί ο έλεγχος τών ορίων ασφαλείας.
β) Κινητά τηλέφωνα
Ανάπτυξη καρκινικών όγκων στον εγκέφαλο έχει αποδοθεί από αρκετές μελέτες στήν χρήση κινητών τηλεφώνων. Λόγω τών τεράστιων οικονομικών συμφερόντων αυτές οι μελέτες πολλάκις αμφισβητούνται από άλλες, με αποτέλεσμα να προκαλείται σύγχυση. Στη διπλανή φωτογραφία φαίνεται μαγνητική τομογραφία ανθρωπίνου εγκεφάλου (MRI) με καρκινικούς όγκους.
Στη συνέχεια, θά σάς παρουσιάσουμε έναν απο τους σημαντικότερους μηχανισμούς οι οποίοι προκαλούν προβλήματα στον εγκέφαλο από τη χρήση κινητού τηλεφώνου, αυτόν τής δημιουργίας Ζεστών Σημείων (Hot Spots).
Η σκέδαση τής ακτινοβολίας τής προερχομένης από κινητό τηλέφωνο στόν ανθρώπινο εγκέφαλο παρουσιάστηκε μέ τή βοήθεια ενός απλοποιημένου αλλά επιστημονικά αποδεκτού μοντέλου ανθρώπινης κεφαλής.
Το ανθρώπινο κεφάλι όμως έχει κάποια εσωτερική δομή. Αν αυτή ληφθεί υπόψη με μeγαλύτερη λεπτομέρεια, τότε η ανθρώπινη κεφαλή ως κοιλότητα συντονισμού δίδει εντονότερα αποτελέσματα απορρόφησης. Τά μέγιστα τής απορρόφησης αυτής εμφανίζονται σέ συμμετρικά σημεία ώς πρός τους γεωμετρικούς άξονες συμμετρίας τής κεφαλής καί ονομάζονται Ζεστά Σημεία (Hot Spots). Εχομε δηλαδή κάτι ανάλογο μέ τά Hot Spots, πού δημιουργούνται από κεραίες βάσης κινητής τηλεφωνίας σέ εσωτερικούς χώρους κτιρίων.
Στην φωτογραφία παραπλεύρως (περίπτωση B) εμφανίζεται η θέση τών Hot Spots σε μιά τομή εγκεφάλου ποντικού, πού υπεβλήθη γιά μερικές ώρες σέ έκθεση ηλεκτρομαγνητικής ακτινοβολίας προερχομένης από κινητό τηλέφωνο. Στην ίδια φωτογραφία (περίπτωση Α) φαίνεται τομή τού εγκεφάλου ενός υγιούς ποντικού γιά σύγκριση. Παρατηρείστε τη συμμετρική θέση αυτών τών σημείων ώς πρός ένα κατακόρυφο άξονα συμμετρίας καί επίσης ότι σε αυτά εμφανίστηκαν κατά πρώτον βιολογικές ανωμαλίες στούς ιστούς (διαρροή πρωτεινών από αιμοφόρα αγγεία) λόγω τής τοπικά πλέον αυξημένης θερμοκρασίας.Συνεπώς, ανεύρεση με μαγνητική τομογραφία (MRI) καρκινικών όγκων σε συμμετρική θέση στόν ανθρώπινο εγκέφαλο σημαίνει πιθανότατα ότι ο ασθενής δεχόταν επί μακρό χρόνο ακτινοβολία από κινητό τηλέφωνο ή άλλη ακτινοβολία μη-ιοντικής φύσης αντίστοιχου μήκους κύματος.
Δυστυχώς, οι σημερινές τεχνολογίες δέν δείχνουν πάντα την απαραίτητη ευαισθησία σε ζητήματα υγείας. Το παράδειγμα αυτό μάς προτρέπει να χρησιμοποιούμε τίς νέες τεχνολογίες πάντα μέ προσοχή καί μέ μέτρο.
ΣΥΜΠΕΡΑΣΜΑΤΑ – ΣΥΜΒΟΥΛΕΣ
α) Η τιμή τής συχνότητας λειτουργίας τών γραμμών μεταφοράς (60 Hz) δεν φαίνεται ότι είναι η καλύτερη επιλογή γιά τον εγκέφαλο, πού είναι το ευπαθέστερο ανθρώπινο όργανο.
β) Καρκίνοι καί όγκοι εγκεφάλων έχουν παρατηρηθεί σε επιδημιολογικές έρευνες, πού αφορούν την παρατεταμένη παραμονή κοντά σε γραμμές υπερυψηλής τάσης, όπως και την υπερβολική χρήση κινητών τηλεφώνων. Γιά τό λόγο αυτό άλλωστε δημιουργήθηκαν τά όρια ασφαλείας από ηλεκτρομαγνητική ακτινοβολία καί γιά τίς δύο περιπτώσεις (αυτονόητο).
γ) Συνιστάται η χρήση ακουστικών στά κινητά τηλέφωνα καί όσο το δυνατόν να τα έχετε μακρυά από το σώμα σας, όταν δεν τα χρειάζεστε (αφήστε τα σέ αλλο χώρο ας πούμε).
Η χρήση του συστήματος HAARP για στρατιωτικούς σκοπούς:
- Give the military a tool to replace the electromagnetic pulse effect of atmospheric thermonuclear devices (still considered a viable option by the military through at least 1986) Δώστε τη στρατιωτική ένα εργαλείο για να αντικαταστήσει το ηλεκτρομαγνητικό παλμό επίδραση της ατμοσφαιρικής θερμοπυρηνικής συσκευές (ακόμη θεωρείται βιώσιμη επιλογή από τη στρατιωτική μέσω τουλάχιστον 1986)
- Replace the huge Extremely Low Frequency (ELF) submarine communication system operating in Michigan and Wisconsin with a new and more compact technology Αντικαταστήστε το τεράστιο εξαιρετικά χαμηλής συχνότητας (ELF) υποβρύχιο λειτουργικό σύστημα επικοινωνίας στο Μίτσιγκαν και το Ουισκόνσιν με ένα νέο και πιο συμπαγής τεχνολογία
- Be used to replace the over-the-horizon radar system that was once planned for the current location of HAARP, with a more flexible and accurate system Να χρησιμοποιηθεί για να αντικαταστήσει το over-the-σύστημα ραντάρ ορίζοντα που είχε προβλεφθεί μια φορά για την τρέχουσα θέση του HAARP, με ένα πιο ευέλικτο και ακριβές σύστημα
- Provide a way to wipe out communications over an extremely large area, while keeping the military’s own communications systems working Παρέχουν ένα τρόπο για να εξαφανίσουν επικοινωνιών σε ένα εξαιρετικά μεγάλο πεδίο, διατηρώντας παράλληλα τα συστήματα των στρατιωτικών επικοινωνιών εργασίας
- Provide a wide area earth-penetrating tomography which, if combined with the computing abilities of EMASS and Cray computers, would make it possible to verify many parts of nuclear nonproliferation and peace agreements Παρέχει μια ευρεία έκταση γης-διεισδυτική τομογραφία η οποία, εάν συνδυαστεί με τις δυνατότητες των υπολογιστών και EMASS Cray υπολογιστές, θα καταστεί δυνατό να εξακριβωθεί πολλά μέρη της πυρηνικής nonproliferation και συμφωνίες ειρήνης
- Be a tool for geophysical probing to find oil, gas and mineral deposits over a large area Είναι ένα εργαλείο για τη γεωφυσική probing να βρουν πετρέλαιο, φυσικό αέριο και ορυκτών κοιτασμάτων σε μεγάλη έκταση
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Be used to detect incoming low-level planes and cruise missiles, making other technologies obsolete Να χρησιμοποιηθεί για την ανίχνευση εισερχόμενα χαμηλού επιπέδου αεροπλάνα και πυραύλους cruise, καθιστώντας άλλες τεχνολογίες παρωχημένες
HAARP.net – The Military’s Pandora’s Box by Dr. Nick Begich and ..
Ηλεκτρομαγνητική Μέθοδος Ανίχνευσης Πετρελαίου, Ορυκτών κλπ
Η χρήση τέτοιων πηγών χαμηλής συχνότητας θέλει ιδιαίτερη προσοχή αφού η ΗΜ ακτινοβολία που παράγουν διαδίδεται σε τεράστιες αποστάσεις και μπορεί να προκαλέσει τεράστια προβλήματα υγείας σε ανθρώπους και ζώα (πουλιά και ψάρια).
By Ken Yoshioka and Michael S. Zhdanov
One of the important problems in marine geophysics is the development of new techniques for the remote and direct identification of hydrocarbon reservoirs in deepwater areas based on EM measurement. The Sea Bed Logging (SBL) method uses a mobile horizontal electric dipole (HED) transmitter and an array of seafloor electric receivers (Eidesmo et al., 2002). The seafloor receivers measure the low frequency electrical field generated by the HED source from different positions. Thus, an observational survey consists of many transmitters and receivers located over the examined sea-bottom area (Figure 1). A simple analysis of the observed data based on 1-D and 2-D modeling, given in Eidesmo et al., 2002, demonstrates that these data are sensitive to the resistive hydrocarbon reservoir typically located within conductive sea-bottom host rocks.
Figure 1
We should note, however, that the interpretation of the SBL data collected over a 3-D reservoir is a very challenging problem, which cannot be solved based on a simple 1-D or 2-D modeling. One could imagine that the 3-D effects play an extremely important role in forming the overall pattern of current flow in the sea-bottom formations. However, the analysis of this pattern becomes a very complicated problem due to large number of transmitting HED used in the SBL method. Consequently, the rigorous 3-D inversion of SBL data poses enormous computational difficulties.
In the framework of the Sea Bed Logging project conducted by CEMI, we apply an integral equation method to examine the typical electric field data collected by the SBL survey. We also develop a new technique for 3-D inversion of SBL data. This technique is based on the recently developed localized quasi-linear (LQL) approximation for the electromagnetic field, which is source independent (Zhdanov and Tartaras, 2002). The LQL approximation makes it possible to model and invert the seafloor electrical data simultaneously for all positions of the transmitters and receivers (Yoshioka and Zhdanov, 2003). This powerful technique allows us to overcome the major difficulty of the SBL data interpretation, mentioned above, and thus, opens the way for a full 3-D inversion of the SBL data for petroleum exploration.
We also investigate different aspects of SBL technology. One important question is what kind of electrical measurements are the most efficient for studying sea-bottom formations? The current methodology is based on recording only the horizontal components of the electric field at the receivers. However, it was demonstrated by Berdichevsky et al. (1989) and Golubev and Zhdanov (1999) for the MT data that at the sea-bottom the strongest anomalies are observed for the horizontal magnetic field components, Hx and Hy, and for the vertical electric field component, Ez. This is why it seems reasonable to suggest measuring the Ez component in the SBL method as well. We demonstrate that recording the vertical electric field component increases the resolution of 3-D inversion of the SBL data for off-shore petroleum exploration (Yoshioka and Zhdanov, 2004).
Computer simulation of the SBL survey for petroleum exploration
We consider a synthetic model of a sea bottom petroleum reservoir. Figures 2 and 3 show a plan view and a vertical cross-section of the model. The sea bottom reservoir is approximated by a thin resistive body located at a depth of 1000 m below the sea bottom, with a thickness of 200 m, and a horizontal size of 5000 m X 5000 m. The resistivity of the reservoir is 100 Ohm-m. The depth of the sea bottom is 1000 m from the surface, and the sea water resistivity was assumed equal to 0.25 Ohm-m.
The mobile horizontal (y– oriented) electric dipole (HED) transmitters have a length of 100 m and are moving at a depth 50 m above the sea bottom along nine lines: A, B, C, … and I (see Figure 4). They generate the EM field at three different frequencies: 0.25; 1; and 4 Hz. The separation between the transmitted dipole centers along the line is 1000 m and the separation between the lines is 1000 m. An array of seafloor electric receivers is located 5 m above the sea bottom along the same lines with the same separation between the receivers of 1000 m. In total, we have 15 receivers in each of the nine lines.
Figure 2
Figure 3
Figure 4
In the first numerical experiment, we assume that the receivers measure the horizontal components, Ex and Ey, of the electric field only. The synthetic EM data for this model were generated using the integral equation forward modeling code, INTEM3D (Hursan and Zhdanov, 2002).
The plan view and the vertical cross-sections of the original model and the result of the inversion for the synthetic SBL data is shown in Figure 5. The white solid line shows the contour of the reservoir. One can see that the reservoir is manifested by a light yellow blue area. The image of the reservoir is relatively weak, because its resistivity is underestimated.
Figure 6 presents the plan view and the vertical cross-sections of the true model and of the geoelectrical model obtained by the inversion of all three components of the electric field, Ex, Ey, and Ez. We can clearly see the reservoir in this figure. The location and the shape of the reservoir are recovered quite well, and the resistivity is estimated correctly.
Note that the modern sea bottom EM equipment has the capability of measuring the three components of the electric field.
Figure 5
Figure 6
Conclusion
CEMI has developed a new technique for 3-D interpretation of the sea-bottom electrical profiling data, collected with a mobile horizontal electric dipole (HED) transmitter and an array of the seafloor electric receivers (Seabed Logging Method). Our method is based on the localized quasi-linear approximation, which allows simultaneous inversion of multitransmitter electrical data. We apply this method to interpretation of the synthetic EM data simulated for the model of a sea-bottom petroleum reservoir. Our results demonstrate that the SBL method with the LQL-based 3-D interpretation can be effectively used for sea-bottom reservoir detection.
Future work will be directed to the interpretation of the practical marine electromagnetic data.
References:
Berdichevsky, M. N., Zhdanova, O. N., and Zhdanov, M. S., 1989, Marine deep geoelectrics: Nauka, Moscow.
Eidesmo, T., S. Ellingsrud, L. M. MacGregor, S. Constable, M. C. Sinha, S. Johansen, F. N. Kong and H. Westerdahl, 2002, Sea Bed Logging (SBL), a new method for remote and direct identification of hydrocarbon filled layers in deepwater areas: First break, 20, 144-152.
Golubev, N. G., and Zhdanov, M. S., 1999, Comparative study of land and sea bottom geoelectric anomalies: Proc. Ann. Mtg., Consortium for Electromagnetic Modeling and Inversion, 175-218.
Hursan, G., and Zhdanov, M. S., 2002, Contraction integral equation method in three-dimensional electromagnetic modeling: Radio Sci., 37 (6), 1089, doi: 10.1029/2001RS002513.
Zhdanov, M. S., and Tartaras, E., 2002, Three-dimensional inversion of multitransmitter electromagnetic data based on the localized quasi-linear approximation: Geophys. J. Int., 148, 506-519.
Yoshioka, K., and Zhdanov, M. S., 2003, Interpretation of the sea bed logging data using the LQL method: 73rd Ann. Internat. Mtg., Soc. Expl. Geophys., Expanded abstracts.
Yoshioka, K., and Zhdanov, M. S., 2004, Sea bed logging with three-component electrical receivers: 74th Ann. Internat. Mtg., Soc. Expl. Geophys., Expanded abstracts.
Οι βρωμιάρηδες Αμερικανοί ΄΄χτυπούν΄΄ την Κύπρο, ξεχνάνε τα δικά τους τα καθίκια!
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Κύπρος 10/04/2011 07:23
ΒΙΑ ΑΥΘΑΙΡΕΣΙΑ ΚΑΙ ΣΥΓΚΑΛΥΨΗ
Η δολοφονία της Οξανα Ράντσεβα από τα κυκλώματα σεξουαλικής εκμετάλλευσης γυναικών και η συγκάλυψη των συσνθυκών του θανάτου της από την κυπριακή αστυνομία, αποτελούν και πάλι μέρος της έκθεσης του αμερικανικού υπουργείου εξωτερικών για τα ανθρώπινα δικαιώματα. Στην έκθεση για το 2010 καταγράφονται επίσης περιστατικά βίας και αυθαιρεσίας από την αστυνομία, αλλά και πολλές περιπτώσεις κουκουλώματος ευθυνών αστυνομικών. Επίσης γίνονται αναφορές σε ρατσιστική βία από οπαδούς του ΑΠΟΕΛ και του ΕΛΑΜ. |
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